Rage Bait Content on Facebook: Mapping the Perceived Impacts and Engagement Behavior of Students at Visayas State University
Author
ViSERDAC
Published
January 31, 2026
1 Descriptive
1.1 Degree
Code
## need cleaningsocio_demo_dta |>mutate(degree =str_remove_all(degree, "[0-9]|-")) |>mutate(degree =str_trim(degree, side ="both")) |>count(degree, sort = T) |>View()
1.2 Social Media
1.2.1 Platform
Female students are more active across diverse platforms, while male students concentrate usage on fewer platforms.
Females reported higher usage across nearly all platforms, with Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram as their top three.
Males also favored Facebook, but their engagement was lower overall, with Instagram and TikTok following.
Code
## subtitleplt_subtitle <-str_wrap("Female students reported higher usage across most platforms, with Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram as the top three; male students also favored Facebook but showed comparatively lower engagement overall.", 120)## plottingplt_soc_med <- soc_med_dta |>count(sex, social_media) |>group_by(sex) |>mutate(pct = n /sum(n),pct_lab =str_c("n=", n),social_media =reorder_within(social_media, n, sex) ) |>ggplot(aes(n, social_media, fill = sex)) +geom_col(width =0.7) +geom_text(aes(label = pct_lab), hjust =-0.1) +scale_y_reordered() +scale_x_continuous(limits =c(0, 80)) +facet_wrap(~ sex, scales ="free_y") + custom_theme +labs(title ="Which social media platforms do you use most often?",subtitle = plt_subtitle,fill =element_blank(),y =element_blank() )## saving dataggsave(plot = plt_soc_med,filename ="plot/soc_med_gender.jpg",unit ="in",width =10,height =7)## display plotknitr::include_graphics("plot/soc_med_gender.jpg")
1.2.2 Social media content engagement by gender
Gender differences highlight that females lean toward lifestyle and advocacy, while males gravitate more toward gaming and politics.
Females engaged most with entertainment, music, and lifestyle content, followed by news and educational posts.
Males showed similar interest in entertainment and music but had stronger engagement with gaming content compared to females.
Code
## plot subtitleplt_subtitle <-str_wrap("Entertainment, music, and lifestyle content were the most engaged categories among female students, while males showed stronger engagement with entertainment, music, and gaming; overall, females reported higher engagement across most content types.", 140)plt_soc_med_content_gender <- soc_med_content_dta |># filter(!str_detect( social_media, "All of it")) |> count(sex, social_media_content) |>group_by(sex) |>mutate(pct = n /sum(n)) |>mutate(social_media_content =reorder_within(social_media_content, pct, sex)) |>mutate(pct_label =str_c("n=", n, " (", round(pct*100, ), "%)")) |>ggplot(aes(pct, social_media_content, fill = sex)) +geom_col(width =0.8) +geom_text(aes(label = pct_label), hjust =-0.1) +scale_x_continuous(limits =c(0, 0.3), labels = scales::percent_format()) +scale_y_reordered() +facet_wrap(~ sex, scales ="free", ncol =2) + custom_theme +labs(title ="What kinds of content do you usually engage with on social media?",subtitle = plt_subtitle,x =element_blank(),y =element_blank(),fill =element_blank() )## saving plotggsave(plot = plt_soc_med_content_gender,filename ="plot/soc_med_content_gender.jpg",unit ="in",height =6,width =12,dpi =400 )## display plotknitr::include_graphics("plot/soc_med_content_gender.jpg")
1.2.3 Social media content engagement by platform
Regardless of platform, students prioritize light, entertaining, and lifestyle-driven content, with serious topics less dominant.
Across platforms (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube), entertainment, music, and lifestyle consistently ranked highest.
Educational and news content also attracted significant engagement, while politics and gaming were lower overall.
Code
## subtitleplt_subtitle <-str_wrap("Across platforms, entertainment, music, and lifestyle content consistently drew the highest engagement, with Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube showing similar patterns; educational and news content also ranked strongly, while politics and gaming remained lower overall.", 120)plt_soc_med_content <- soc_med_content_dta |>filter(!str_detect( social_media, "All of it")) |>count(social_media, social_media_content) |>group_by(social_media) |>mutate(pct = n /sum(n)) |>mutate(social_media_content =reorder_within(social_media_content, pct, social_media)) |>mutate(pct_label =str_c("n=", n, " (", round(pct*100, ), "%)")) |>ggplot(aes(pct, social_media_content)) +geom_col(width =0.8) +geom_text(aes(label = pct_label), hjust =-0.1) +scale_x_continuous(limits =c(0, 0.3), labels = scales::percent_format()) +scale_y_reordered() +facet_wrap(~ social_media, scales ="free", ncol =2) + custom_theme +labs(title ="What kinds of content do you usually engage with on social media?",subtitle = plt_subtitle,x =element_blank(),y =element_blank() )## saving plotggsave(plot = plt_soc_med_content,filename ="plot/soc_med_content.jpg",unit ="in",height =14,width =12,dpi =400 )## display plotknitr::include_graphics("plot/soc_med_content.jpg")
1.2.4 Daily time spent on social media by platform
Heavy usage patterns suggest social media is deeply embedded in daily routines, with some platforms fostering extended engagement.
Majority of students spend 3–6 hours daily on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.
A notable proportion also reported more than 6 hours, especially on platforms like Reddit, X (Twitter), and Tumblr.
Code
# plot subtitleplt_subtitle <-str_wrap("Most students reported spending 3–6 hours daily on social media, with Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube showing the highest sustained use; a notable share of users also exceeded 6 hours, highlighting heavy engagement across platforms.", 120)## plottign socila media hours useplt_soc_med_hours <- soc_med_category |>filter(!str_detect( social_media, "All of|Tele")) |>count(social_media, social_media_hours) |>group_by(social_media) |>mutate(pct = n /sum(n)) |>mutate(social_media_hours =reorder_within(social_media_hours, pct, social_media)) |>mutate(pct_label =str_c("n=", n, " (", round(pct*100, ), "%)")) |>ggplot(aes(pct, social_media_hours)) +geom_col(width =0.8, position =position_dodge2(preserve ="single")) +geom_text(aes(label = pct_label), hjust =-0.1) +scale_x_continuous(limits =c(0, 1), labels = scales::percent_format()) +scale_y_reordered() +facet_wrap(~ social_media, scales ="free", ncol =2) + custom_theme +labs(title ="On average, how many hours per day do you spend on social media?",x =NULL,y =NULL,subtitle = plt_subtitle )## saving plotggsave(plot = plt_soc_med_hours,filename ="plot/soc_med_hours.jpg",unit ="in",height =10,width =10,dpi =400 )## display plotknitr::include_graphics("plot/soc_med_hours.jpg")
1.2.5 Daily time spent on social media by platform
Male students demonstrate more extreme usage, while female students cluster around moderate-to-high daily engagement
Females most often reported 3–6 hours daily, with fewer exceeding 6 hours.
Males were more likely to report over 6 hours of use, showing heavier overall consumption.
Code
# plot subtitleplt_subtitle <-str_wrap("Female students most often reported spending 3–6 hours daily on social media, while males were more likely to exceed 6 hours; overall, both groups showed heavy usage concentrated in the mid-to-high ranges.", 100)## plottign socila media hours useplt_soc_med_hours_gender <- soc_med_category |>count(sex, social_media_hours) |>group_by(sex) |>mutate(pct = n /sum(n)) |>mutate(social_media_hours =reorder_within(social_media_hours, pct, sex)) |>mutate(pct_label =str_c("n=", n, " (", round(pct*100, ), "%)")) |>ggplot(aes(pct, social_media_hours, fill = sex)) +geom_col(width =0.6, position =position_dodge2(preserve ="single")) +geom_text(aes(label = pct_label), hjust =-0.1) +scale_x_continuous(limits =c(0, 1), labels = scales::percent_format()) +scale_y_reordered() +facet_wrap(~ sex, scales ="free", ncol =2) + custom_theme +labs(title =str_wrap("On average, how many hours per day do you spend on social media?", 60),x =NULL,y =NULL,fill =NULL,subtitle = plt_subtitle )## saving plotggsave(plot = plt_soc_med_hours_gender,filename ="plot/soc_med_hours_gender.jpg",unit ="in",height =6,width =8,dpi =400 )## display plotknitr::include_graphics("plot/soc_med_hours_gender.jpg")
1.2 Social Media
1.2.1 Platform
Female students are more active across diverse platforms, while male students concentrate usage on fewer platforms.
Females reported higher usage across nearly all platforms, with Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram as their top three.
Males also favored Facebook, but their engagement was lower overall, with Instagram and TikTok following.
Code
1.2.2 Social media content engagement by gender
Gender differences highlight that females lean toward lifestyle and advocacy, while males gravitate more toward gaming and politics.
Females engaged most with entertainment, music, and lifestyle content, followed by news and educational posts.
Males showed similar interest in entertainment and music but had stronger engagement with gaming content compared to females.
Code
1.2.3 Social media content engagement by platform
Regardless of platform, students prioritize light, entertaining, and lifestyle-driven content, with serious topics less dominant.
Across platforms (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube), entertainment, music, and lifestyle consistently ranked highest.
Educational and news content also attracted significant engagement, while politics and gaming were lower overall.
Code
1.2.4 Daily time spent on social media by platform
Heavy usage patterns suggest social media is deeply embedded in daily routines, with some platforms fostering extended engagement.
Majority of students spend 3–6 hours daily on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube.
A notable proportion also reported more than 6 hours, especially on platforms like Reddit, X (Twitter), and Tumblr.
Code
1.2.5 Daily time spent on social media by platform
Male students demonstrate more extreme usage, while female students cluster around moderate-to-high daily engagement
Females most often reported 3–6 hours daily, with fewer exceeding 6 hours.
Males were more likely to report over 6 hours of use, showing heavier overall consumption.
Code